There are several types of transformers, each with different functions and applications. Here are some common types of transformers and their descriptions in English:

1. Current Transformer (CT):
- Function: Current transformers are used to step down high currents in power systems to a level that can be safely measured and monitored.
- Description: Current transformers work based on the principle of electromagnetic induction to produce a secondary current proportional to the primary current passing through the transformer.

2. Potential Transformer (PT) or Voltage Transformer (VT):
- Function: Potential transformers are used to step down high voltages to a level suitable for measurement and protection purposes in power systems.
- Description: Potential transformers function similar to voltage transformers by stepping down high voltages to lower levels, ensuring that the measuring instruments and protective relays receive accurate voltage signals.

3. Instrument Transformers:
- Function: Instrument transformers, including current transformers and potential transformers, are commonly used in power systems for metering, protection, and control applications.
- Description: Instrument transformers help in isolating the measurement and control circuits from high voltage and high current power systems, enabling safe and accurate measurement of electrical quantities.

4. Distribution Transformer:
- Function: Distribution transformers are used to step down high voltage from the power grid to lower voltages suitable for distribution to households and commercial buildings.
- Description: Distribution transformers play a critical role in power distribution networks by reducing voltage levels for efficient power transmission and usage at consumer end-points.

5. Isolation Transformer:
- Function: Isolation transformers are utilized to provide electrical isolation between two circuits while transferring power without a direct electrical connection.
- Description: Isolation transformers prevent electrical noise, voltage spikes, and ground loops from affecting sensitive equipment, ensuring safe and interference-free operation.

These are some common types of transformers with distinct functions and applications in electrical systems. Each type serves a specific purpose in power generation, transmission, distribution, and utilization processes.